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Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues Open access
Journal Impact FactorTM (2022) 1.7
Journal Citation IndicatorTM (2022) 0.42
Received: 2018-10-15  |  Accepted: 2019-01-20  |  Published: 2019-03-30

Title

Between sustainability, social cohesion and security. Regional development in North-Eastern Estonia


Abstract

In 2012, the European Parliament (EP) established Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) in Northern Europe comprising the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the English Channel where from 2015 ships are obliged to use bunker fuel with a sulphur content not exceeding 0.1%. Estonia is a maritime fuel producer due to its oil shale reserves in the North-Eastern parts of the country (Ida-Virumaa County). A large part of oil shale is used for the production of maritime bunker oil. Unfortunately, the sulphur content of oil shale is higher than it is allowed by the SECA regulations. The Estonian oil shale industry represents up to 5% of the national economy and plays an important role in a weakly developed Ida-Virumaa County, which shares a common border with Russia and hosts the majority of Russian-speaking Estonians. Approximately half of this regional workforce is employed directly or indirectly in this industry giving the oil shale industry an important role in the county's economic well-being. In addition, periods of low oil prices are putting extra pressure on the oil sector, which endangers the traditional business model of the Estonian oil shale industry. The research investigates the impact of the environmental regulations in the shipping sector on the socio-economic situation in North-Eastern Estonia and discusses political consequences for the region. The paper highlights possible regional development strategies for Ida-Virumaa County and their impact on sustainability, social cohesion and security issues in the context of the integration of Russian speaking Estonians into the Estonian society. Methodically, the research is based on expert interviews, a survey, a case study, and a further exploration of potential political options to improve the social coherence in North-Eastern Estonia.


Keywords

social cohesion, security, regional development, sustainability, smart specialisation


JEL classifications

O13 , O33 , O55 , R11


URI

http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/282


DOI


Pages

1235-1254


Funding

The European Regional Development Fund - BSR Interreg programme sponsors this work in the frame of EnviSuM - Environmental Impact of Low Emission Shipping: Measurements and Modelling Strategies project (2015-2019).

This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Authors

Prause, Gunnar
Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia http://ttu.ee
University of Applied Sciences, Technology, Business and Design, Wismar, Germany https://www.hs-wismar.de
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Tuisk, Tarmo
Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia http://ttu.ee
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Olaniyi, Eunice Omolola
Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia http://ttu.ee
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Journal title

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues

Volume

6


Number

3


Issue date

March 2019


Issue DOI


ISSN

ISSN 2345-0282 (online)


Publisher

VšĮ Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cited

Google Scholar

Article views & downloads

HTML views: 4226  |  PDF downloads: 1722

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