Received:
2018-07-21 | Accepted:
2018-10-10 | Published:
2018-12-30
Title
Low-Low (LL) high human capital clusters in public administration employment - predictor for digital infrastructure public investment priority - Romania case study
Abstract
Disruptive innovations generated by digital technologies push the public services to digital transformation in order to become not only a problems solver for community, but a real social, economic and environmental development engine. With all significant progress, the use of e-Government services in Romania remains the lowest in the EU; high quality services are not available in a significant part of rural areas. The paper highlighted the spatial heterogeneities of the broadband infrastructure at level of NUTS – 5 expansion correlated to Low-Low (LL) high human capital clusters in public administration and marginalized rural areas. Using data from World Bank studies, provided in the ArcGis Cloud, from Romanian broadband investment prioritization and micro data provided by INS census, we developed a spatial cluster analysis by the means of ESDA method. In public administration the high human capital is clustered in a few innovative hubs which in the absence of a functional and interconnected national administration IT system makes difficult the public administration modernization, especially in the context of regional decentralization. At the county level is visible the pattern of center periphery, where the center is usually the county residence and the LL clusters are the frontier of the counties. Usually, at this frontier are located marginalized rural areas where are provided poor public services. As a recommendation, the future e-government development must be spatial harmonized with the high human capital in order to assure a valuable public service, everywhere, whether it is the smallest village or a big city, to reconnect the public to the state and the state to the public in an inclusive and intelligent manner.
Keywords
resilience, rural broadband, digital inclusion, digital public policies, human resources management
JEL classifications
C54
, M54
, O47
URI
http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/249
DOI
Pages
729-753
Funding
This work was supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, Program Nucleu - PN 18_42_0101/Contract 12N/16.03.2018. Această lucrare a fost realizată prin Programul-nucleu, derulat cu sprijinul MCI, proiect nr. PN 18_42_0101/Contract 12N/16.03.2018” The dynamics of the labor market in Romania. Adaptive resilience and flexibility / Dinamica pieței muncii în România. Reziliență adaptivă și flexibilitate, coordinator Dr.. Speranța Pîrciog.
This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
References
Anselin, L. (2003). GeoDa™ 0.9 User’s Guide, Spatial Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, 2003. and Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science, http://www.csiss.org/, Revised, June 15, 2003, accessed on 2.02.2018 http://sal.agecon.uiuc.edu/
Search via ReFindit
Anselin, L. (2005). Exploring Spatial Data with GeoDaTM: A Workbook, Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science, Illinois, and U.S.A, 2005. Available at: https://geodacenter.asu.edu/system/files/geodaworkbook.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Anselin, L. (2016). GeoDA 1.8.1. GeoDA Workshop Part I, Center for Spatial Data Science, University of Chicago, 2016. Available at: https://spatial.uchicago.edu/
Search via ReFindit
Bratu, V. (2018). Banca Mondială – oficial: Niciun progres de 6 luni în reformarea ANAF – discuții pentru închiderea proiectului, Curs de Guvernare. Available at: http://cursdeguvernare.ro/banca-mondiala-oficial-niciun-progres-de-6-luni-reformarea-anaf.html
Search via ReFindit
Brown, P. (2015). UK's Digital Inclusion Strategy aims to remove hurdles from e-Administration. Documentation, digital-by-default. Available at: https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/document/uks-digital-inclusion-strategy-aims-remove-hurdles-e-administration
Search via ReFindit
DESI 2017: European Commission. (2017). Digital Economy and Society Index 2017 – Romania. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/digital-economy-and-society-index-desi-2017
Search via ReFindit
Digital Agenda 2014-2020 for Romania. Available at: https://www.comunicatii.gov.ro/agenda-digitala-pentru-romania-2020/
Search via ReFindit
Digital Economy and Society Index (2017) Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/scoreboard/romania
Search via ReFindit
DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E. (2001). From the 'Digital Divide' to 'Digital Inequality': Studying Internet Use as Penetration Increases. Available at: https://culturalpolicy.princeton.edu/sites/culturalpolicy/files/wp15_dimaggio_hargittai.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Dunleavy, P., Margetts, H., Bastow,S., Tinkler, J. (2006). New Public Management Is Dead—Long Live Digital-Era Governance, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(3), 1 July 2006, Pages 467–494. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui057
Search via ReFindit
EDPR.RO.2017: European Commission. (2017). Europe's Digital Progress Report (EDPR), 2017 Country Profile Romania. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=44331
Search via ReFindit
EDPR.RO.Telecom2017: European Commission, 2017. Europe’s Digital Progress Report (2017). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=44464
Search via ReFindit
European Commission (2017), European Semester Thematic Factsheet Quality of Public Administration. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/file_import/european-semester_thematic-factsheet_quality-public-administration_en.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Gasik, S., (2016). Are public projects different than projects in other sectors? Preliminary results of empirical research. Procedia Computer Science 100, 399–406. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.175
Search via ReFindit
Gatman, A., 2011. e-Government – Assisting Reformed Public Administration in Romania. Available at: http://revecon.ro/articles/2011-1/2011-1-12.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Indicele economiei și societății digitale, (2016) – profil de țară (Comisia Europeană, DG CONCT), (ro / en). Available at: https://www.comunicatii.gov.ro/agenda-digitala-pentru-romania-2020/
Search via ReFindit
ITU 2017/I (2017) Measuring the Information Society Report 2017. Volume 1. International Telecommunication Union. Available at: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2017/MISR2017_Volume1.pdf
Search via ReFindit
ITU 2017/II (2017) Measuring the Information Society Report 2017. Voleme 2 International Telecommunication Union. Available at: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2017/MISR2017_Volume1.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Krugman, P., Venables, A. J., Fujita, M. (1999). The Spatial Economy. Cities, Regions, and International Trade, The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England. 1999. Available at: http://geografi.ums.ac.id/ebook/The_Spatial_Economy--Fujita__Krugman__Venables.pdf
Search via ReFindit
M&E Manual (2017) Monitoring and Evaluation Manual for the The National Strategy regarding Digital Agenda for Romania 2020, the World Bank / Manualul de Monitorizare şi Evaluare a Strategiei Naţionale privind Agenda Digitală pentru România 2020, Banca Mondială, versiunea Ianuarie 2016, publicat la 29.01.2016, Available at: https://www.comunicatii.gov.ro//wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Manual_Monitorizare_Evaluare_v2.0-BM.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Malecki, E., J. (2003), Digital development in rural areas: potentials and pitfalls, Journal of Rural Studies 19 (2003) 201–214. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00068-2
Search via ReFindit
Minges, M. (2015) Exploring the Relationship between Broadband and Economic Growth Background, Paper prepared for the World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends, World development Report. Available at: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/391452529895999/WDR16-BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Moretti, E., Thulin, P. (2013). Local Multipliers and Human Capital in the United States and Sweden, Industrial and Corporate Change, 22(1), 339–362. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/icc/article/22/1/339/885578
Search via ReFindit
Pelinescu, E. (2015). The impact of human capital on economic growth, Procedia Economics and Finance 22, 184 – 190. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212567115002580
Search via ReFindit
Pelinescu, E. (2016). The human capital and development. The Romanian case study. 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Economic and Social Re-search May 12-13, 2016. Conference dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the Romanian Academy - organized by Institute for Economic Forecasting. p. 1-15. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/rjr/wpconf/161105.html
Search via ReFindit
Pelinescu, E., Crăciun, E. (2014). The human capital in the knowledge society. Theoretical and empirical approach. No. 20-2014, Manager-leadership between power temptation and efficiency, 7-18. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/a/but/manage/v20y2014i1p7-18.html
Search via ReFindit
Pelinescu, E., Iordan, M., Chilian, M.-N. (2011). Competitiveness of the Romanian economy from European perspective. Institute for Economic Forecasting, Romanian Academy "Nicolae Titulescu" University from Bucharest, Romania 1st Workshop on Modelling and Economic Forecast "New Trends in Modelling and Economic Forecast" 9-10 December 2011. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ntu/ntumef/vol1-iss1-12-086.html
Search via ReFindit
Philip, L., Cottrill, C., Farrington, Williams, F., Ashmore, F. (2017). The digital divide: Patterns, policy and scenarios for connecting the "final few" in rural communities across Great Britain, Journal of Rural Studies 54, 386-398. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.12.002
Search via ReFindit
Revenue Administration Modernization Project (2017) Implementing agency Ministry of Economy & Finance. Available at: http://projects.worldbank.org/P130202/romania-tax-modernization-project?lang=en&tab=overview
Search via ReFindit
Ro-NET Project Documentation (2015) Available at: https://www.comunicatii.gov.ro/proiecte-in-implementare/proiectul-ro-net/
Search via ReFindit
Roberts, E., Anderson, B.A, Skerrat, S., Farrington, J. (2017). A review of the rural-digital policy agenda from a community resilience perspective, Journal of Rural Studies 54, 372e385, Available at: 3.04.2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.03.001
Search via ReFindit
SADR (2017) Strategia Națională privind Agenda Digitală pentru România 2020, versiunea aprobată, februarie 2015. Available at: https://www.comunicatii.gov.ro/agenda-digitala-pentru-romania-2020/
Search via ReFindit
SDG-9 (2017) HLFP Thematic Review of SDG-9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. A global perspective on SDG-9. High –Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/14363SDG9format-revOD.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Seri, P. & Zanfei, A., 2013. The co-evolution of ICT, skills and organization in public administrations: Evidence from new European country-level data. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 27, pp.160–176. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2013.07.003
Search via ReFindit
Shenglin, B., Simonelli, F., Uidong, Z., Bosc, R., Wenwei, L. (2017). Digital Infrastructure. Overcoming the Digital Divide in China and European Union. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/148912266.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Stroe, C., Cojanu, S. (2017). Profiles and Dynamics of In-Work Poverty in Romania. Economic and Social Development (Book of Proceedings), 26th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social, p.129. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/79291127_Cristina_Stroe
Search via ReFindit
Vasilache, A. (2017). Proiectul RO-NET de 85 milioane de euro pentru informatizarea zonelor sarace din Romania, in atentia procurorilor DIICOT. Available at: https://economie.hotnews.ro/stiri-telecom-22056991-proiectul-net-85-milioane-euro-pentru-informatizarea-zonelor-sarace-din-romania-atentia-procurorilor-diicot.htm
Search via ReFindit
World Bank (2015) Raport privind tipologiile de comunităţi/zone geografice şi opţiunile pentru intervenţii investiţionale în reţele broadband şi NGN, prin Acordul de servicii de consultanţă privind asistenţa pentru implementarea Strategiei Naţionale privind Agenda Digitală pentru România 2014-2020, Banca Mondială, versiunea Noiembrie 2015, publicat la 29.03.2016. Available at: https://www.comunicatii.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Raport-privind-tipologiile-de-comunit%C4%83%C5%A3i-zone-geografice-%C5%9Fi-op%C5%A3iunile-pentru-interven%C5%A3ii-investi%C5%A3ionale-%C3%AEn-re%C5%A3ele-broadband-%C5%9Fi-NGN-Banca-Mondiala-nov.-2
Search via ReFindit
World Bank (2015b) Contributions to the elaboration of a National Strategy Project and Action Plan on Social Inclusion and Poverty Reduction 2015-2020 (section 3.2.1). Available at: http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/images/Documente/Familie/2016/SF_BancaMondiala_EN_web.pdf
Search via ReFindit
World Bank (2018) Implementation Status & Results Report: Disclosable Version of the ISR - Revenue Administration Modernization Project - P130202 - Sequence No: 10 (English) from the date February 7, 2018. Available at: http://projects.worldbank.org/P130202/romania-tax-modernization-project?lang=en&tab=documents&subTab=projectDocuments
Search via ReFindit
World Bank, 2015c, Report 2. Inventory of Broadband Areas in Romania. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/romania
Search via ReFindit