Received:
2018-03-02 | Accepted:
2018-05-27 | Published:
2018-06-30
Title
Barriers and challenges experienced by migrant African women entrepreneurs in North Queensland, Australia
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore and identify possible barriers and challenges experienced by migrant African women entrepreneurs in the establishment and operation of their businesses in North Queensland. The study adopts a qualitative approach and employs in-depth, semi-structured interviews and site visits to participants businesses. Findings revealed that cultural factors, family, human capital, social capital and networks, and institutional factors potentially acted as barriers to the establishment and operation and of their businesses. This is a small-scale pilot study. The data was gathered from eleven migrant African women only, in a specific region, so the results are limited in applicability and cannot be assumed to apply to other cultures. The context of the research might not be considered a representative of Australia. This study provides empirical data regarding the barriers and challenges encountered by migrant women entrepreneurs and contributes to a new body of knowledge, providing a foundation for further research in this area. The study also serves to inform policymakers.
Keywords
migration, entrepreneurship, barriers, challenges
JEL classifications
O10
, O15
URI
http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/202
DOI
HAL
Pages
1054-1068
This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
References
Alcorso, C. (1989). Newly arrived immigrant women in the workforce: A report for the Office of Multicultural Affairs. Wollongong, Australia: Centre for Multicultural Studies, University of Wollongong.
Search via ReFindit
Australia and New Zealand Bank. (2003). ANZ survey of adult financial literacy in Australia. Azmat, F. (2013). http://www.financialliteracy.gov.au/media/465156/anz-survey-ofadult-financial-literacy-2003.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Braun & Clarke (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Search via ReFindit
Burnett, L. (1998). Issues in immigrant settlement in Australia (Vol. 10). Sydney, Australia: National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research Publishers.
Search via ReFindit
Coleman, J.S., 1988. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp.S95–S120. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/228943
Search via ReFindit
Collins, J. (2003). Cultural diversity and entrepreneurship: Policy responses to immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 15(2), 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/0898562032000075168
Search via ReFindit
Collins, J. (2008). Immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia: Regulations and responses. https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/research/bitstream/handle/10453/10371/2008001344.pdf?sequence=1
Search via ReFindit
Collins, J., & Low, A. (2010). Asian female immigrant entrepreneurs in small and medium sized businesses in Australia. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 22(1), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903220553
Search via ReFindit
Collins, J., K. Gibson, C. Alcorso, S. Castles, and D. Tait, ed. 1995. A shop full of dreams: Ethnic small business in Australia. Leichhardt: Pluto Press
Search via ReFindit
Creswell, J. W (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Search via ReFindit
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson.
Search via ReFindit
Das, M. (2012).Women entrepreneurs from India: Problems, motivations and success factors. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 15(4), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2000.10593294
Search via ReFindit
Evans, M. D. R. (1988). International migration: The female experience. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Search via ReFindit
Farashah, A. D. (2015). The effects of demographic, cognitive and institutional factors on development of entrepreneurial intention: Toward a socio-cognitive model of entrepreneurial career. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-015-0144-x
Search via ReFindit
Halkias, D. (Ed.). (2011). Female immigrant entrepreneurs: The economic and social impact of a global phenomenon. London, England: Gower Publishing, Ltd
Search via ReFindit
Hugo, G. (2009). Migration between Africa and Australia: A demographic perspective. Kermond, C. L., Luscombe, K. E., Strahan, K. W., Williams, A. J. (1991). Immigrant women entrepreneurs in Australia. Wollongong, Australia: University of Wollongong for the Office of Multicultural Affairs. http://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/Africanaus/papers/africanaus_paper_hugo.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Kloosterman, R. C. (2003). Creating opportunities: Policies aimed at increasing openings for immigrant entrepreneurs in the Netherlands. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 15(2), 167-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/0898562032000075159
Search via ReFindit
Kloosterman, R., & Rath, J. (2001). Immigrant entrepreneurs in advanced economies: Mixed embeddedness further explored. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(2), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830020041561
Search via ReFindit
Lankshear, C., & Knobel, M. (2004). A handbook for teacher research. London, England: McGraw-Hill International.
Search via ReFindit
Lerner, M., Brush, C., & Hisrich, R. (1997). Israeli women entrepreneurs: An examination of factors affecting performance. Journal of business venturing, 12(4), 315-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(96)00061-4
Search via ReFindit
Liversage, A. (2009). Vital conjunctures, shifting horizons: High-skilled female immigrants looking for work. Work, employment & society, 23(1), 120-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017008099781
Search via ReFindit
Mahmood, S. (2011). Microfinance and women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(3), 265-274. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566261111169340
Search via ReFindit
Nayab, N. (2011). Factors having an impact in starting and operating a business. http://www.brighthub.com/office/entrepreneurs/articles/73616.aspx
Search via ReFindit
Negin, J., & Denning, G. (2008). Shared challenges and solutions: Australia's unique contribution to the future of African development. ,_Shared_challenges__web.pdf http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/pubfiles/Negin_and_Denning
Search via ReFindit
OECD. (2004). Promoting entrepreneurship and innovative SMEs in a global economy: Towards a more responsible and inclusive globalisation of women entrepreneurship issues and policies 2nd OECD conference of ministers responsible for small and medium – sized enterprises (SMEs). http://www.oecd.org/cfe/smes/31919590.pdf
Search via ReFindit
OECD. (2005). Improving financial literacy: Analysis of issues and policies. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264012578-en
Search via ReFindit
OECD. (2010). Open for business: Migrant entrepreneurship in OECD countries. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264095830-en
Search via ReFindit
OECD. (2013). Closing the gender gap: Act now. http://www.oecd.org/gender/closingthegap.htm
Search via ReFindit
OECD. (2014). New approaches to SME and entrepreneurship financing: Broadening the range of instruments. OECD report to G20 finance ministers and Central Bank governors. http://www.oecd.org/cfe/smes/New-Approaches-SME-synthesis.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Opportunities or obstacles: Understanding the challenges faced by migrant women entrepreneurs. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 198-215. Baron, R. A. 2015. Social Capital. In Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. doi: https://doi.org/11002/9781118785317.weom030086 https://doi.org/10.1108/17566261311328855
Search via ReFindit
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Search via ReFindit
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th. ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Search via ReFindit
Roomi, M.A. (2012). Entrepreneurial capital, social values and cultural traditions: exploring the growth of women-owned enterprises in Pakistan. International Small Business Journal, 31(2), 175-191. http://isb.sagepub.com
Search via ReFindit
Sequeira, J. M., & Rasheed, A. A. (2006). Start-up and growth of immigrant small businesses: The impact of social and human capital. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(4), 357-375. https://www.proquest.com/docview/208432992
Search via ReFindit
Shane, S.A &Eckhardt, J.T. (2003). Opportunities and Entrepreneurship: Journal of Management, 29(3), 333-349. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630302900304
Search via ReFindit
United Nations (2006). Breaking barriers: Gender perspectives and empowerment of women in least developed countries. New York, NY: The UN – OHRLLS
Search via ReFindit
United Nations (2010). Department of economic and social affairs. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/worldswomen/WW_full%20report_color.pdf
Search via ReFindit
United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. Division for the Advancement of Women. (2005). World survey on the role of women in development: Women and international migration. New York, NY: United Nations
Search via ReFindit
RSS 1.0
