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Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues Open access
Journal Impact FactorTM (2024) 1.3 Q3
Journal Citation IndicatorTM (2024) 0.26 Q4
Received: 2025-01-18  |  Accepted: 2025-04-10  |  Published: 2025-06-30

Title

Changes in labour market indicators under the influence of intergenerational disparities in value orientation


Abstract

The labour market simultaneously encompasses multiple generations—Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials (Generation Y), and Generation Z. Each of these generations is characterised by distinct values, attitudes, and expectations, which, in combination with rapid technological progress and changing social conditions, accentuate their differences. The diverse preferences of each generation may have a significant impact on the labour market and its indicators. This study aims to examine the effect of generational shifts on selected labour market indicators, such as employment, labour productivity, long-term unemployment, and mobility within the conditions of the V4 countries. The primary analytical method applied is the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model, with the analysis based on available statistical data from Eurostat. SUR models allow for a more detailed examination of the specific characteristics of individual generations in the labour market and their influence on the aforementioned indicators. The study tests a set of four hypotheses, each addressing statistically significant differences between generations in the context of: (1) employment by sector, (2) labour productivity by sector, (3) long-term unemployment, and (4) labour mobility. The interpreted results present a summary of findings across all V4 countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary) and are subsequently compared with findings from other regions, particularly Western Europe and the United States. The main findings indicate that the generations differ statistically significantly in relation to the selected labour market indicators. Since the V4 region has remained relatively underexplored in this research domain, the acquired findings expand existing theories on intergenerational disparities and their impact on the labour market.


Keywords

generational shifts, labor market, SUR analysis, V4


JEL classifications

J11 , J21 , J24


URI

http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/1310


DOI


Pages

215-231


Funding

This work was supported under the research project No. APVV-VV-MVP-24-0299 - New trends in human resource management in the context of global challenges of the 21st century. This research work was created within the project "Changes in the value orientation of employees under the influence of generational change ", code of the project D14_2024, based on the financial support from the Internal Grant Scheme of the Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín (Call for proposals: Early Stage Grants).

This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Authors

Rigó, Richard
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia https://tnuni.sk
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Šrámka, Martin
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia https://tnuni.sk
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Grenčíková, Adriana
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia https://tnuni.sk
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Navickas, Valentinas
Lithuania Business College, Klaipėda, Lithuania https://ltvk.lt
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Journal title

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues

Volume

12


Number

4


Issue date

June 2025


Issue DOI


ISSN

ISSN 2345-0282 (online)


Publisher

VšĮ Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cited

Google Scholar

Article views & downloads

HTML views: 625  |  PDF downloads: 345

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