Received:
2023-08-11 | Accepted:
2023-10-18 | Published:
2023-12-30
Title
Circular economy and rare materials: a challenge for the European countries
Abstract
The paper provides a knowledge increase of the circular economy model in the context of rare materials in Europe. Rare materials play a crucial role in various industries but are often associated with limited availability and environmental concerns. The paper highlights the importance of circular economy strategies in Europe to enhance the sustainable management and utilization of rare materials. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive policies, collaborative initiatives, and technological innovations to foster the transition towards a circular economy for rare materials in Europe. With the circular economy approach, Europe could minimize the environmental impact, reduce dependence on imports, and promote the sustainable use of rare materials, ultimately contributing to a more resilient and sustainable future.
Keywords
circular economy, European countries, rare materials, sustainability
JEL classifications
I18
, Q01
, O32
, M12
, M38
, C30
URI
http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/1128
DOI
Pages
79-92
Funding
Research Program V:ALERE – Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy.
This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
References
Ang, W. L., & Mohammad, A. W. (2020). State of the art and sustainability of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121267
Search via ReFindit
Asadollahzadeh, M., Torkaman, R., & Torab-Mostaedi, M. (2021). Extraction and separation of rare earth elements by adsorption approaches: current status and future trends. Separation & Purification Reviews, 50(4), 417-444 https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2020.1792930
Search via ReFindit
Audretsch, D.B., & Feldman, M. (1996). Innovative Clusters and the Industry Life Cycle. Review of Industrial Organization, 11 (2), 253-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157670
Search via ReFindit
Balaram, V. (2019). Rare earth elements: A review of applications, occurrence, exploration, analysis, recycling, and environmental impact. Geoscience Frontiers, 10(4), 1285-1303 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.12.005
Search via ReFindit
Caratas, M.A., Trandafir, R.A., Iftene, C., Spatariu, E.C., Gheorghiu, G. (2021). The Impact of Sustainability Disclosure on Companies’ Performance in Healthcare Industry. Transformations in Business & Economics, Vol. 20, No 2A (53A), pp.593-613.
Search via ReFindit
Cole, C., Gnanapragasam, A., Cooper, T., & Singh, J. (2019). An assessment of achievements of the WEEE Directive in promoting movement up the waste hierarchy: experiences in the UK. Waste Management, 87, 417-427 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.046
Search via ReFindit
Critical raw materials and the circular economy https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC108710/jrc108710-pdf-21-12-2017_final.pdf
Search via ReFindit
EU (2018). Report on Critical Raw Materials in the Circular Economy, European Commission.
Search via ReFindit
EU (2020). Critical Raw Materials Resilience: Charting a Path towards greater Security and Sustainability, 474, European Commission.
Search via ReFindit
EU (2023). A secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials in support of the twin transition, 165, European Commission.
Search via ReFindit
European Commission (2020). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0474&from=EN
Search via ReFindit
Eurostat Circular Economy (2023). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/circular-economy/database
Search via ReFindit
Graedel, T. E., & Reck, B. K. (2016). Six years of criticality assessments: what have we learned so far? Journal of Industrial Ecology, 20(4), 692-699. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12305
Search via ReFindit
Hill, M. K. (2020). Understanding environmental pollution. Cambridge University Press
Search via ReFindit
Hobson, K. (2016). Closing the loop or squaring the circle? Locating generative spaces for the circular economy. Progress in Human Geography, 40(1), 88-104 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132514566342
Search via ReFindit
Hofmann, M., Hofmann, H., Hagelüken, C., & Hool, A. (2018). Critical raw materials: A perspective from the materials science community. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2018.e00074
Search via ReFindit
International Energy Agency (April 2023) https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ffd2a83b-8c30-4e9d-980a-52b6d9a86fdc/TheRoleofCriticalMineralsinCleanEnergyTransitions.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Jaroni, M. S., Friedrich, B., & Letmathe, P. (2019). Economical feasibility of rare earth mining outside China. Minerals, 9(10), 576) https://doi.org/10.3390/min9100576
Search via ReFindit
Marino, A., & Pariso, P. (2021). The transition towards to the circular economy: European SMEs' trajectories. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(4), 431-455. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2021.8.4(26)
Search via ReFindit
Marino, A., & Pariso, P. (2022a). Africa’s view of the circular economy: Bottlenecks and opportunities. The International Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 19(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-1077/CGP/v19i02/1-16
Search via ReFindit
Marino, A., Pariso, P. (2022). Performance Evaluation of a Circular Economy: An International Comparison. In: Ren, J., Zhang, L. (eds) Circular Economy and Waste Valorisation. Industrial Ecology and Environmental Management, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04725-1_1
Search via ReFindit
Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., & Behrens III, W. W. (1972). The limits to growth-club of Rome - (april 2023) http://www.donellameadows.org/wp-content/userfiles/Limits-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Morseletto, P. (2020). Restorative and regenerative: Exploring the concepts in the circular economy. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 24(4), 763-773. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12987
Search via ReFindit
Motz, H., & Geiseler, J. (2001). Products of steel slags an opportunity to save natural resources. Waste Management, 21(3), 285-293 00102-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(00)
Search via ReFindit
Murray, A., Skene, K., & Haynes, K. (2017). The circular economy: an interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context. Journal of Business Ethics, 140, 369-380 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2693-2
Search via ReFindit
Omodara, L., Pitkäaho, S., Turpeinen, E. M., Saavalainen, P., Oravisjärvi, K., & Keiski, R. L. (2019). Recycling and substitution of light rare earth elements, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium from end-of-life applications-A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 236, 117573 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.048
Search via ReFindit
Piccinetti, L., Rezk, M.R.A., Kapiel, T.Y.S., Salem, N., Khasawneh, A., Santoro, D., & Sakr, M.M. (2023). Circular bioeconomy in Egypt: the current state, challenges, and future directions. Insights into Regional Development, 5(1), 97-112. http://doi.org/10.9770/IRD.2023.5.1(7)
Search via ReFindit
Romero‐Hernández, O., & Romero, S. (2018). This idea is strategic for to maximizing the value of waste: from waste management to the circular economy. Thunderbird International Business Review, 60(5), 757-764 https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21968
Search via ReFindit
Singh, D., & Singh, B. (2020). Investigating the impact of data normalization on classification performance. Applied Soft Computing, 97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105524
Search via ReFindit
Song, Q., Li, J., & Zeng, X. (2015). Minimizing the increasing solid waste through zero waste strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 104, 199-210 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.027
Search via ReFindit
Stratiotou Efstratiadis, V., & Michailidis, N. (2022). Sustainable Recovery, Recycle of Critical Metals and Rare Earth Elements from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (Circuits, Solar, Wind) and Their Reusability in Additive Manufacturing Applications: A Review. Metals, 12(5), 794 https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050794
Search via ReFindit
Torreggiani, A., Zanelli, A., Degli Esposti, A., Polo, E., Dambruoso, P., Lapinska-Viola, R., & Benvenuti, E. (2021). How to prepare future generations for the challenges in the raw materials sector. In Rare Metal Technology 2021 (pp. 277-287). Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65489-4_27
Search via ReFindit
World Bank (2022) https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eca/publication/squaring-circle-europe-circular-economy-transition
Search via ReFindit
Zecca, E., Pronti, A., Chioatto, E. (2023). Environmental policies, waste and circular convergence in the European context. Insights into Regional Development, 5(3), 95-121. http://doi.org/10.9770/IRD.2023.5.3(6)
Search via ReFindit